您的检重秤可能不准!

2026-10-30

随着上个世纪七十年代自动化生产线的普及,自动检重秤已成为大规模生产中不可或缺的一部分。为了保障正式投产时的可靠运行,也为了满足国家的法规要求,检重秤的精度必须经过测试。


在网上可以找到很多与检重秤测试相关的资料,不过大多是互相抄袭,或是语言晦涩、计算复杂,其描述难以理解,反而增加了误解。


本文中,我们将尝试用最简洁的语言来指导检重秤使用者测试自动检重秤的精度。上篇介绍应避免的两大误区,以及如何进行检重秤的重复性测试。


检测秤都用一个方法?

两大误区!


不论是什么称重设备,其精度都受两大因素影响:重复性和准确性。这两个参数也是动态检重(自动检重)和静态称重(静态秤)仅有的可比较的参数。


通过两个小测试,您就能安心使用自动检重秤,不过在介绍这两个小测试之前,我们先讲讲常见的两大误区。


第一个,也是最常见的误区,就是用检测静态秤的方法去测试检重秤。在正常的检重秤应用环境中,传送皮带是持续运动的,会导致称重产生一定误差,和静止状态下的结果无法直接比较。这也是自动检重秤的传感器需要经过特殊设计才能满足精度要求的原因。


静态下物体得到的重量,仅仅是服务工程师设立动态称重标准的参考点。譬如一台自动检重秤在静止时,称得物品重量是500g;动态时称取同一个物体,重量变成了502g。这时,检重秤就需要进行校准,减去2g。一般来说,检重秤都可以通过放置静态参考物,再进行比较并自动调整这个数值。


图片

动态称重和静态称重示例

横轴实际重量,纵轴为重量读数


另一大误区是将一个已知重量的替代品通过称重皮带读取数值来确认秤是否准确。即使这个物品的重量与产品的重量相等,也可能因为其在皮带传输时的动态性状(例如长度、形状)的不同而造成差异极大的读数。



重复性测试

同一产品多次称重读数的误差


第一个测试是确认Zoi(Zone of Indecision,即不确定区域)。Zoi是同个产品的多次读数的标准偏差的6倍,也是全球公认的动态检重中计算不确定性因素的方法。


这个测试将确定自动检重秤的重复性,也是我们推荐您先进行的测试。因为如果检重秤重复性不过关,后续测试数值也无法信任。


测试如下:将同一产品在检重秤上通过10到20次,并确保产品的方向是实际生产中相同的通过方向。


  1. 记录每次的数值并计算标准偏差。某些检重秤已经有相关功能,比如茵泰科的Velus Go自动检重秤,可自动记录并计算修正系数。如果没有,也可以使用Excel内置的STDEV函数计算。

  2. 得到标准偏差后乘以6,得出Zoi

  3. 从下表中计算你的T值,例如,如果产品是200g,可得出T值是4.5%或9g

  4. 计算9g的四分之一,即得出可重复限制2.25g

  5. 如果检重秤的Zoi大于2.25g,那么这个检重秤无法以规定标准使用


图片

T值计算表格 | 摘自OIML R87建议 2016年版


应用到自动检重秤的所有产品类型和重量都应该进行这个测试并记录数值。推荐重复此测试并建立趋势分析,不仅能预测检重秤随时间的变化程度,还能判断未来需要执行此测试的频率。



本文转载至茵泰科微信公众号


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