如何避免大爆炸 - 称重过程的安全防爆

2026-10-13

在某些工业应用中,一点火花或过热就会引发一场工业爆炸。因此,对这类情况的防护是工业安全的重要组成部分之一,也是称重过程中一个重要的考虑因素。茵泰科是少数能够在产品组合中提供各种防爆称重解决方案的供应商之一。

要创造一个爆炸性的环境,有三个必须同时存在的要素:易燃材料,足以与易燃材料反应形成爆炸性混合物的氧气和火花或热表面等点火源。只有同时存在这三个条件才有发生爆炸的危险。 存在易燃气体和空气混合物的工业系统可以在包括化学和制药行业在内的各个部门中找到,也可以在诸如在垃圾填埋、水处理、农业或饮料生产的过程中找到。在许多相关的工业领域,称重系统是这些过程的必要组成部分,因此必须能够防爆。在某些条件下,溶剂、稀释剂、油漆、树脂、塑料、树胶、合成纤维或化学清洁剂释放的气体和蒸汽也可能引起爆炸。因此,在这种环境中也必须采用防爆称重解决方案。 然而,茵泰科的全球产品经理Michael Fiedler表示,不仅仅是气体带来了潜在的危险,他多年来一直积极参与该行业的防爆工作:“粉尘爆炸的危险往往被低估了。虽然这些事故通常产生的热量较少,但由此产生的压力波可能会造成严重的伤害并损坏操作设施。不幸的是,它们在木材行业中非常普遍,并且它们也经常出现在农业或塑料、金属和其他材料的生产中。”

标准降低了危险

M最初防爆的方法是200年前为防止采矿过程中矿灯引起易燃气体爆炸而开发的。 早在1815年,化学家汉弗莱·戴维爵士(Sir Humphry Davy)开发出第一款防爆油灯形式的防爆设备。当时正是在19世纪后期的工业革命期间,第一台电气设备开始在采矿业中使用,因为它的点火风险要低得多。也是在这个时候,制定了第一个工业事故预防规定。 如今,为了提高潜在爆炸性环境中系统和设备的安全性,全世界存在许多国家标准和国际标准。在受影响区域使用的称重系统也必须符合这些规定。最重要的国际规定之一是“ATEX指令”,其中包括一项针对潜在爆炸性环境中使用的产品的欧盟指令,以及另一项针对这些地区的职业安全的指令。另外受到广泛使用的还有IEC(国际电工委员会),CSA(加拿大标准协会)和FM(工厂互助研究公司)标准。 为了对操作现场的危险情况进行分类,健康安全员需要检查潜在爆炸区域的潜在危险并将其划分为明确区域。ATEX标准首先区分了在工业中采矿或地上使用的适当系统。根据在系统运行期间,气体、蒸汽或雾是否形成易燃物质,或者危险是否基于灰尘的存在,进一步区分。设备的最高表面温度也是一个安全因素:即使操作失误或设备出现故障,该温度也不得超过环境中存在的气体和氧气或灰尘和氧气混合物的着火温度。 ATEX指令规定的区域定义的另一个标准是公司在建造潜在爆炸系统时必须建立的标准,即爆炸性混合物是否能够连续,偶尔或仅短暂形成。必须保证在这些区域内防止出现点火源,并且只有在符合相关指令的情况下才可以使用用于这些区域的设备、系统和保护装置。因此,系统开发人员必须细致地根据存在的确切潜在危险选择爆炸区域中使用的设备。这也适用于电气设备,例如秤和相应的操作终端和显示器,它们通常用于工业系统的潜在爆炸区域。

茵泰科的各种防爆产品

茵泰科是全球少数几家在潜在爆炸性环境中开发、测试和认证产品的领先供应商之一。该系列产品基于该公司在工业要求、国际指令和领先称重技术的各个学科中数十年的专业知识。通过汇集这些专业领域,这家德国供应商能够为其客户提供各种优质的防爆称重解决方案。 现在该产品组合中的一个示例是Michael Fiedler的紧凑型台秤Signum,它具有测量时间短,灵活性高和安全性高的特点。Combics 2系列称重显示器专为在潜在爆炸区域使用而开发,可满足所有国际要求,并提供持久而强大的解决方案,以支持各种行业的称重过程,从手动配方到PC控制的生产控制。防爆设计的选择还包括可自由编程的称重控制器Maxxis 5,该控制器专为从药剂配料多组分配到车辆称重的广泛应用而开发。 大多数茵泰科的称重传感器和称重平台也可作为各种设计的防爆型号。大量压缩载荷和剪切梁称重传感器可承受几百公斤到几百吨的最大载荷,确保工艺安全——特别是制药、化工和钢铁行业。茵泰科还提供各种分隔装置,用作安全屏障,作为潜在爆炸区域和安全区域之间的过渡部分。 作为茵泰科称重产品的一个特色,Michael Fiedler强调了产品的大量接口,可以将组件完全集成到现有系统中,从而确保为几乎所有应用要求提供兼容的解决方案。“当然,系统或公司的运营商始终负责评估危险,”Michael Fiedler强调。“但是,我们通过我们的专业知识和广泛的产品组合积极支持我们的客户,以便为各自的任务提供安全的解决方案,从而尽可能消除操作设施受伤或损坏的风险。”

本文转载自www.minebea-intec.com.cn


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